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List of Medical Terminology Terms
This is a list of terms, roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology. A few rules should be noted when using medical roots. Firstly, prefixes and suffixes, primarily in Greek -- but also in Latin, have a droppable -o-. As a general rule, this -o- almost always acts as a joint-stem to connect two consonantal roots, e.g. arthr- + -o- + logy = arthrology. But generally, the -o- is dropped when connecting to a vowel-stem; e.g. arthr- + itis = arthritis, instead of arthr-o-itis. Secondly, medical roots generally go together according to language: Greek prefixes go with Greek suffixes and Latin prefixes with Latin suffixes. Although it is technically considered acceptable to create hybrid words, it is strongly preferred to not mix different lingual roots.
Prefixes and suffixes
The following is an alphabetical list of medical prefixes and suffixes, along with their meanings, origin, and an English example.
A
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
a-, an-
|
Denotes an absence of
|
Ancient Greek α-/αν- (a-/an-), without, not
|
Apathy, Analgia
|
|
ab-
|
away from
|
Latin
|
Abduction
|
|
abdomin(o)-
|
Of or relating to the Abdomen
|
Latin (abd?men), abdomen, fat around the belly
|
Abdomen
|
|
-ac
|
pertaining to
|
Greek -akos
|
cardiac
|
|
acanth(o)-
|
thorn or spine
|
Ancient Greek ακανθα (akantha), thorn
|
acanthocyte
|
|
acous(o)-
|
Of or relating to hearing
|
Greek ακουστικ?ς (acoustikos), of or for hearing
|
|
|
acr(o)-
|
extremity, topmost
|
Greek ?κρον (akron), highest or farthest point
|
Acromegaly
|
|
-acusis
|
hearing
|
Greek ακουστικ?ς (acoustikos), of or for hearing
|
|
|
-ad
|
toward, in the direction of
|
|
dorsad
|
|
ad-
|
increase, adherence, motion toward, very
|
Latin
|
Adduction
|
|
aden(o)-, aden(i)-
|
Of or relating to a gland
|
Ancient Greek αδην, αδ?ν- (ad?n, aden-), an acorn; a gland
|
Adenology
|
|
adip(o)-
|
Of or relating to fat or fatty tissue
|
Latin (adeps, adip-), fat
|
Adipocyte
|
|
adren(o)-
|
Of or relating to adrenal glands
|
|
adrenal artery
|
|
-aemia (BrE)
|
blood condition
|
Greek ?ναιμ?α, without blood
|
Anaemia
|
|
aer(o)-
|
air, gas
|
|
Aerosinusitis
|
|
aesthesio- (BrE)
|
sensation
|
Greek
|
|
|
-al
|
pertaining to
|
Latin -alis
|
abdominal
|
|
alb-
|
Denoting a white or pale color
|
Latin albus, white
|
Albino
|
|
alge(si)-
|
pain
|
Greek
|
Analgesic
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
Myalgia
|
|
alg(i)o-
|
pain
|
|
Myalgia
|
|
allo-
|
Denoting something as different, or as an addition
|
Ancient Greek αλλος (allos), another, other
|
Alloantigen, allopathy
|
|
ambi-
|
Denoting something as positioned on both sides; Describing both of two
|
Latin (ambi-, ambo), both, on both sides
|
Ambidextrous
|
|
amnio-
|
Pertaining to the membraneous fetal sac (amnion)
|
Greek
|
Amniocentesis
|
|
an-
|
not, without
|
Greek
|
Analgesia
|
|
an(o)
|
anus
|
|
|
|
andr(o)-
|
pertaining to a man
|
Greek
|
Andrology, android
|
|
angi(o)-
|
blood vessel
|
|
Angiogram
|
|
aniso-
|
Describing something as unequal
|
Ancient Greek αν?σος (an?sos), unequal
|
Anisotropic
|
|
ankyl(o)-, ancyl(o)-
|
Denoting something as crooked or bent
|
Ancient Greek ανκ?λος (ankýlos), crooked, curved
|
Ankylosis
|
|
ante-
|
Describing something as positioned in front of another thing
|
Latin (?nt?), before, in front of
|
antepartum
|
|
anti-
|
Describing something as 'against' or 'opposed to' another
|
Ancient Greek αντι (anti), against
|
Antibody, antipsychotic
|
|
apo-
|
separated from, derived from
|
Ancient Greek
|
Apoptosis
|
|
arteri(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to an artery
|
Ancient Greek αρτηρ?α (art?ría), a wind-pipe, artery (used distinctly versus a vein)
|
Artery, Arteriology
|
|
arthr(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the joints, limbs
|
Ancient Greek αρθρος (arthros), a joint, limb
|
Arthritis
|
|
articul(o)-
|
joint
|
Latin
|
Articulation
|
|
-ary
|
pertaining to
|
Latin -arius
|
bilary tract
|
|
-ase
|
enzyme
|
|
Lactase
|
|
-asthenia
|
weakness
|
|
Myasthenia gravis
|
|
-ation
|
process
|
Latin
|
|
|
aur(i)-
|
Of or pertaining to the ear
|
Latin (auris), the ear
|
Aural
|
|
aut(o)-
|
self
|
Greek
|
Autoimmune
|
|
axill-
|
Of or pertaining to the armpit [uncommon as a prefix]
|
Latin (axilla), armpit
|
Axilla
|
B
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
balano-
|
Of the glans penis or glans clitoridis
|
Greek balanos, acorn, glans
|
Balanitis
|
|
bi-
|
twice, double
|
Latin
|
|
|
bio-
|
life
|
Ancient Greek
|
Biology
|
|
blast(o)-
|
germ or bud
|
|
Blastomere
|
|
blephar(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the eyelid
|
Ancient Greek βλ?φαρον (blépharon), eyelid
|
Blepharoplast
|
|
brachi(o)-
|
Of or relating to the arm
|
Latin (brachium), from Ancient Greek βραχ?ων (brachi?n), arm
|
Brachium
|
|
brachy-
|
Indicating 'short' or less commonly 'little'
|
Ancient Greek βραχυς (brachys), short; little, shallow
|
brachycephalic
|
|
brady-
|
Indicating 'slow'
|
Ancient Greek βραδυς (bradys), slow
|
Bradycardia
|
|
bronch(i)-
|
bronchus
|
|
Bronchiolitis obliterans
|
|
bucc(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the cheek
|
Latin (bucca), cheek
|
Buccolabial
|
|
burs(o)-
|
bursa
|
|
Bursitis
|
C
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
capill-
|
Of or pertaining to hair
|
Latin (capillus), hair
|
Capillus
|
|
capit-
|
Pertaining to the head (as a whole)
|
Latin (caput, capit-), the head
|
Capitation
|
|
carcin(o)-
|
cancer
|
|
Carcinoma
|
|
cardi(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the heart
|
Ancient Greek καρδ?α (kardía), heart
|
Cardiology
|
|
carp(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the wrist.
|
Latin (carpus) < Ancient Greek καρπ?ς (karpós), wrist; NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror root carp(o)- meaning fruit.
|
Carpopedal
|
|
cata-
|
down
|
Greek (kata)
|
Cataract
|
|
-cele
|
pouching, hernia
|
Ancient Greek (k?l?)
|
Hydrocele
|
|
-centesis
|
surgical puncture for aspiration
|
Ancient Greek (kent?sis)
|
Amniocentesis
|
|
cephal(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the head (as a whole)
|
Ancient Greek κ?φαλ? (képhal?), the head
|
Cephalalgy
|
|
cerat(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the cornu; a horn
|
Ancient Greek κ?ρας, κερατ- (kéras, kerat-), a horn
|
Ceratoid
|
|
cerebell(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the cerebellum
|
Latin (cerebellum), little brain
|
Cerebellum
|
|
cerebr(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the brain
|
Latin (cerebrum), brain
|
Cerebrology
|
|
cervic-
|
Of or pertaining to the neck, the cervix
|
Latin (cervix, cerv?c-), neck, cervix
|
Cervicodorsal
|
|
chem(o)-
|
chemistry, drug
|
|
Chemotherapy
|
|
chir(o)-, cheir(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the hand
|
Ancient Greek χε?ρ, χειρο- (cheir, cheiro-), hand
|
Chiropractor
|
|
chlor(o)-
|
Denoting a green color
|
Ancient Greek χλορος (chloros), green, yellow-green
|
Chlorophyll
|
|
chol(e)-
|
Of or pertaining to bile
|
Ancient Greek χολ? (chol?), bile
|
Cholaemia
|
|
cholecyst(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the gallbladder
|
Ancient Greek χοληκ?στις (chol?kýstis), gallbladder < χολη (chol?), bile, gall + κ?στις (kýstis), bladder
|
Cholecystectomy
|
|
chondr(i)o-
|
cartilage, gristle, granule, granular
|
Ancient Greek (chondros)
|
Chondrocalcinosis
|
|
chrom(ato)-
|
color
|
Ancient Greek
|
Hemachromatosis
|
|
-cidal, -cide
|
killing, destroying
|
Latin
|
|
|
cili-
|
Of or pertaining to the cilia, the eyelashes; eyelids
|
< Latin (cilium), eyelash; eyelid
|
Ciliary
|
|
circum-
|
Denoting something as 'around' another
|
Latin (circum), around
|
Circumcision
|
|
cis-
|
on this side
|
Latin (cis)
|
|
|
clast
|
break
|
Greek
|
|
|
co-
|
with, together, in association
|
Latin
|
|
|
col-, colo-, colono-
|
colon
|
|
Colonoscopy
|
|
colp(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the vagina
|
Ancient Greek κ?λπος (kólpos), bosom, womb; hollow, depth
|
Colposcopy
|
|
com-
|
with, together
|
Latin
|
|
|
contra
|
against
|
Latin
|
Contraindicate
|
|
cor-
|
with, together
|
Latin
|
|
|
cor-, core-, coro-
|
Of or pertaining to eye's pupil
|
Ancient Greek κ?ρη (kór?), girl, doll; pupil of the eye
|
Corectomy
|
|
cordi-
|
Of or pertaining to the heart [Uncommon as a prefix]
|
Latin (cor, cordi-), heart
|
Commotio cordis
|
|
cornu-
|
Applied to processes and parts of the body describing them likened or similar to horns
|
Latin (corn?), horn
|
|
|
cost(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the ribs
|
Latin (costa), rib
|
Costochondral
|
|
cox-
|
Of or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-joint
|
Latin (coxa), hip
|
Coxopodite
|
|
crani(o)-
|
Belonging or relating to the cranium
|
Latin (cranium) < Ancient Greek κρ?ν?ον (kr?nion), the cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brain
|
Craniology
|
|
-crine
|
to secrete
|
|
Endocrine
|
|
cry(o)-
|
cold
|
|
Cryoablation
|
|
cutane-
|
skin
|
|
Subcutaneous
|
|
cyan(o)-
|
Denotes a blue color
|
Ancient Greek κ?ανος, κυ?νεος (kýanos, kyáneos), blue
|
Cyanopsia
|
|
cycl-
|
circle, cycle
|
Greek (kuklos)
|
|
|
cyph(o)-
|
Denotes something as bent [uncommon as a prefix]
|
Ancient Greek κυφ?ς (k?phós), bent, hunchback
|
Cyphosis
|
|
cyst(o)-, cyst(i)-
|
Of or pertaining to the urinary bladder
|
Ancient Greek κ?στις (kýstis), bladder; cyst
|
Cystotomy
|
|
cyt(o)-
|
cell
|
Greek
|
Cytokine
|
|
-cyte
|
cell
|
Greek
|
Leukocyte
|
D
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
dacrio-
|
tear
|
Greek
|
|
|
dactyl(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to a finger, toe
|
Ancient Greek δ?κτυλος (dáktylos), finger, toe
|
Dactylology
|
|
de-
|
away from, cessation
|
Latin de-
|
|
|
dent-
|
Of or pertaining to teeth
|
Latin (dens, dentis), tooth
|
Dentist
|
|
dermat(o)-, derm(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the skin
|
Ancient Greek δ?ρμα, δ?ρματ- (dérma, démat-), skin, human skin
|
Dermatology
|
|
-desis
|
binding
|
Greek (desis)
|
arthrodesis
|
|
dextr(o)-
|
right, on the right side
|
Latin dexter
|
Dextrocardia
|
|
di-
|
two
|
Greek
|
|
|
di-
|
apart, separation
|
Latin
|
|
|
dia-
|
(same as Greek meaning)
|
Ancient Greek δι? (diá), through, during, across
|
Diacetyl
|
|
dif-
|
apart, separation
|
Latin
|
|
|
digit-
|
Of or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root]
|
Latin (digitus), finger, toe
|
Digit
|
|
dis-
|
separation, taking apart
|
Latin dis-
|
Dissection
|
|
dors(o)-, dors(i)-
|
Of or pertaining to the back
|
Latin (dorsum), back
|
Dorsal, Dorsocephalad
|
|
duodeno-
|
duodenum - upper part of the small intestine, connects to the stomach
|
Latin duodeni
|
Duodenal atresia
|
|
dynam(o)-
|
force, energy, power
|
Greek δυναμις (dunamis)
|
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
|
|
dys-
|
bad, difficult
|
Greek δυσ-
|
Dysphagia, dysphasia
|
E
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
-eal
|
pertaining to
|
Latin
|
|
|
ec-
|
out, away
|
Greek (ek-)
|
|
|
ect(o)-
|
outer, outside
|
Greek
|
Ectopic pregnancy
|
|
-ectasis
|
expansion, dilation
|
Ancient Greek
|
Bronchiectasis
|
|
-ectomy
|
Denotes a surgical operation or removal of a body part
|
Ancient Greek εκτομ? (ectom?), excision
|
Mastectomy
|
|
-emesis
|
vomiting condition
|
|
Hematemesis
|
|
-emia
|
blood condition (AmE)
|
Greek ?ναιμ?α, without blood
|
Anemia
|
|
encephal(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the brain. Also see Cerebro.
|
Ancient Greek ενκ?φαλος (enképhalos), the brain
|
Encephalogram
|
|
endo-
|
Denotes something as 'inside' or 'within'
|
Ancient Greek ενδο- (endo-), inside, internal
|
Endocrinology, Endospore
|
|
enter(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the intestine
|
Ancient Greek ?ντερον (énteron), intestine
|
Gastroenterology
|
|
epi-
|
[Same as Greek meaning: on, upon]
|
Ancient Greek επι- (epi-), before, upon, on, outside, outside of
|
Epistaxis, epicardium, episclera, epidural
|
|
episi(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins
|
Ancient Greek επ?σιον- (epísion), the pubic area, loins; vulva
|
Episiotomy
|
|
erythr(o)-
|
Denotes a red color
|
Ancient Greek ερυθρος (erythros), red
|
Erythrocyte
|
|
-esophageal, -esophago
|
gullet (AmE)
|
|
|
|
esthesio-
|
sensation (AmE)
|
Greek
|
|
|
eu-
|
true, good, well, new
|
Greek
|
Eukaryote
|
|
ex-
|
out of, away from
|
Latin
|
|
|
exo-
|
Denotes something as 'outside' another
|
Ancient Greek εξο- (exo-), outside of, external
|
Exoskeleton
|
|
extra-
|
outside
|
Latin
|
|
F
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
faci(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the face
|
Latin (faci?s), the face, countenance
|
Facioplegic
|
|
fibr(o)
|
fiber
|
|
Fibroblast
|
|
filli-
|
fine, hair like
|
|
|
|
-form, -iform
|
Used to form adjectives indicating 'having the form of'
|
Latin (forma), form, shape
|
Cuneiform
|
|
front-
|
Of or pertaining to the forehead
|
Latin (fr?ns, front-), the forehead
|
Frontonasal
|
G
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
galact(o)-
|
milk
|
|
Galactorrhea
|
|
gastr(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the stomach
|
Ancient Greek γαστ?ρ (gast?r), stomach, belly
|
Gastric bypass
|
|
-gen
|
(1) Denotes the sense 'born in, from' (2) Denotes the sense 'of a certain kind'
|
Ancient Greek -γεν?ς (-gen?s) < γεν-ν?ειν (gen-náein), to be born
|
(1) Endogen; (2) Heterogenous
|
|
-genic
|
Formation
|
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
|
genu-
|
Of or pertaining to the knee
|
Latin (gen?), knee
|
Genu valgum
|
|
gingiv-
|
Of or pertaining to the gums
|
Latin (ging?va), gum
|
Gingivitis
|
|
glauc(o)-
|
Denoting a grey, bluish-grey color
|
Ancient Greek γλαυκ?ς (glaúkos), grey, bluish-grey
|
Glaucoma
|
|
gloss(o)-, glott(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the tongue
|
Ancient Greek γλ?σσα, γλ?ττα (gl?ssa, gl?tta), tongue
|
Glossology
|
|
gluco-
|
glucose
|
|
Glucocorticoid
|
|
glyco-
|
sugar
|
|
Glycolysis
|
|
gnath(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the jaw
|
Ancient Greek γν?θος (gnáthos), jaw
|
Gnathodynamometer
|
|
gon(o)-
|
seed, semen; also, reproductive
|
Ancient Greek
|
Gonorrhea
|
|
-gram
|
record or picture
|
|
Angiogram
|
|
-graph
|
record or picture
|
Ancient Greek -γραφ?α (-graphía), written, drawn, graphic interpretation
|
Electrocardiograph
|
|
-graphy
|
process of recording
|
|
Angiography
|
|
gyn(aec)o- (BrE), gyn(ec)o- (AmE)
|
woman
|
|
Gynecomastia
|
H
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)]][[Media
|
|
halluc-
|
to wander in mind
|
Classical Latin to wander in mind
|
Hallucinosis
|
|
hemat-, haemato- (haem-, hem-)
|
Of or pertaining to blood
|
Latin (hæma) < Ancient Greek α?μα, α?ματ- (haima, haimat-), blood
|
Hematology, older form Haematology
|
|
hema or hemo-
|
blood (AmE)
|
|
Hematological malignancy
|
|
hemi-
|
one-half
|
Ancient Greek ?μι- (h?mi-), "half"
|
Cerebral hemisphere
|
|
hepat- (hepatic-)
|
Of or pertaining to the liver
|
Ancient Greek ηπαρ, ηπατο- (h?par, h?pato-), the liver
|
Hepatology
|
|
heter(o)-
|
Denotes something as 'the other' (of two), as an addition, or different
|
Ancient Greek ?τερος (héteros), the other (of two), another; different
|
Heterogeneous
|
|
hidr(o)-
|
sweat
|
Greek
|
Hyperhidrosis
|
|
hist(o)-, histio-
|
tissue
|
|
Histology
|
|
home(o)-
|
similar
|
Ancient Greek ?μοιος (homoios)
|
Homeopathy
|
|
hom(o)-
|
Denotes something as 'the same' as another or common
|
Ancient Greek ομο- (homo-), the same, common
|
Homosexuality
|
|
humer(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the shoulder (or [rarely] the upper arm)
|
Incorrect Etymology < Latin (umerus), shoulder
|
Humerus
|
|
hydr(o)-
|
water
|
Greek
|
Hydrophobe
|
|
hyper-
|
Denotes something as 'extreme' or 'beyond normal'
|
Ancient Greek υπερ (hyper), over, above; beyond, to the extreme
|
Hypertension
|
|
hyp(o)-
|
Denotes something as 'below normal'
|
Ancient Greek υπ(ο)- (hypo-), below, under
|
Hypovolemia,
|
|
hyster(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the womb, the uterus
|
Ancient Greek υστ?ρα (hystéra), womb
|
Hysterectomy
|
I
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
-ia(sis)
|
condition
|
|
Mydriasis
|
|
iatr(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to medicine, or a physician [uncommon as a prefix; common as as suffix, see -iatry]
|
Ancient Greek ι?τρ?ς (i?trós), healer, physician
|
Iatrochemistry
|
|
-iatry
|
Denotes a field in medicine of a certain body component
|
Ancient Greek ι?τρ?ς (i?trós), healer, physician
|
Podiatry, Psychiatry
|
|
-ic
|
pertaining to
|
Greek (-ikos)
|
Hepatic artery
|
|
-icle
|
small
|
|
Ovarian follicle
|
|
-ics
|
organized knowledge, treatment
|
|
|
|
idio-
|
self, one's own
|
Greek ?διος, idios, "one's own"
|
Idiopathic
|
|
ileo-
|
ileum
|
|
Ileocecal valve
|
|
infra-
|
below
|
Latin
|
Infrahyoid muscles
|
|
inter-
|
between, among
|
Latin
|
Interarticular ligament
|
|
intra-
|
within
|
Latin
|
Intracranial hemorrhage
|
|
irid(o)-
|
iris
|
|
Iridectomy
|
|
ischio-
|
Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-joint
|
Ancient Greek ισχι?ν (ischión), hip-joint, ischium
|
Ischiorrhogic
|
|
-ism
|
condition, disease
|
|
Dwarfism
|
|
-ismus
|
spasm, contraction
|
|
|
|
iso-
|
Denoting something as being 'equal'
|
Ancient Greek ?σος (ísos), equal
|
Isotonic
|
|
-ist
|
one who specializes in
|
Greek (-istes)
|
Pathologist
|
|
-ite
|
the nature of, resembling
|
|
Hermaphrodite
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
|
Tonsillitis
|
|
-ium
|
structure, tissue
|
|
pericardium
|
K
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
karyo-
|
nucleus
|
Greek κ?ρυον, "nut"
|
Eukaryote
|
|
kerat(o)-
|
cornea (eye or skin)
|
|
Keratoscope
|
|
kin(e)-, kin(o), kinesi(o)-
|
movement
|
Greek
|
Kinesthesia
|
|
koil(o)-
|
hollow
|
Greek (koilos)
|
Koilocyte
|
|
kyph(o)-
|
humped
|
|
Kyphoscoliosis
|
L
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
labi(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the lip
|
Latin (labium), lip
|
Labiodental
|
|
lacrim(o)-
|
tear
|
|
Lacrimal canaliculi
|
|
lact(i)-, lact(o)
|
milk
|
|
Lactation
|
|
lapar(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the abdomen-wall, flank
|
Ancient Greek λαπ?ρ? (lapár?), flank
|
Laparotomy
|
|
laryng(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat cavity where the voice box is
|
Ancient Greek λ?ρυγξ, λαρυγγ- (lárynx, laryng-), throat, gullet
|
Larynx
|
|
latero-
|
lateral
|
|
Lateral pectoral nerve
|
|
lei(o)-
|
smooth
|
|
Leiomyoma
|
|
-lepsis, -lepsy
|
attack, seizure
|
|
Epilepsy, narcolepsy
|
|
lept(o)-
|
light, slender
|
Greek (leptos)
|
|
|
leuc(o)-, leuk(o)-
|
Denoting a white color
|
Ancient Greek λευκος (leukos), white, bright
|
Leukocyte
|
|
lingu(a)-, lingu(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the tongue
|
Latin (lingua), tongue
|
Linguistics
|
|
lip(o)-
|
fat
|
|
Liposuction
|
|
lith(o)-
|
stone, calculus
|
|
Lithotripsy
|
|
log(o)-
|
speech
|
|
|
|
-logist
|
Denotes someone who studies a certain field: _____-logy
|
Ancient Greek λογιστης (logist?s), studier, practitioner
|
Oncologist, pathologist
|
|
-logy
|
Denotes the academic study or practice of a certain field
|
Ancient Greek λογoς (logos) study
|
hematology, urology
|
|
lymph(o)-
|
lymph
|
|
Lymphedema
|
|
lys(o)-, -lytic
|
dissolution
|
|
Lysosome
|
|
-lysis
|
Destruction
|
|
Paralysis
|
M
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
macr(o)-
|
large, long
|
|
Macrophage
|
|
-malacia
|
softening
|
|
Osteomalacia
|
|
mamm(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the breast
|
Latin (mamma), breast; udder
|
Mammogram
|
|
mammill(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the nipple
|
Latin (mammilla), nipple
|
|
|
manu-
|
Of or pertaining to the hand
|
Latin (manus), hand
|
Manufacture
|
|
mast(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the breast
|
Ancient Greek μαστ?ς (mastós), breast, women's breast; man's pectoral muscle
|
Mastectomy
|
|
meg(a)-, megal(o)-, megaly
|
enlargement
|
|
Splenomegaly
|
|
melan(o)-
|
Denoting a black color
|
Ancient Greek μελας, μελανο- (melas, melano-), black; dark
|
Melanin
|
|
mening(o)-
|
membrane
|
|
Meningitis
|
|
mes(o)-
|
middle
|
Ancient Greek μ?σος (mesos), "middle"
|
Mesoderm
|
|
meta-
|
after, behind
|
|
Metacarpus
|
|
-meter
|
measurement
|
|
Sphygmomanometer
|
|
-metry
|
process of measuring
|
|
Optometry
|
|
metr(o)-
|
Pertaining to conditions or instruments of the uterus
|
Ancient Greek μ?τρ? (m?tr?), womb, uterus
|
Metrorrhagia
|
|
micro-
|
denoting something as small, or relating to smallness
|
Ancient Greek μικρος (mikros), small
|
Microscope
|
|
mon(o)-
|
single
|
|
Infectious mononucleosis
|
|
morph(o)-
|
form, shape
|
|
Morphology
|
|
muscul(o)-
|
muscle
|
|
Musculoskeletal system
|
|
my(o)-
|
Of or relating to muscle
|
Ancient Greek μυς, μυ- (mys, my-), muscle; mouse; mussel
|
Myoblast
|
|
myc(o)-
|
fungus
|
|
Onychomycosis
|
|
myel(o)-
|
Of or relating to bone marrow
|
Ancient Greek μυελον (myelon), marrow; bone-marrow
|
Myeloblast
|
|
myring(o)-
|
eardrum
|
|
Myringotomy
|
|
myx(o)-
|
mucus
|
|
Myxoma
|
N
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
narc(o)-
|
numb, sleep
|
Greek
|
narcolepsy
|
|
nas(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the nose
|
Latin (n?sum), nose
|
nasal
|
|
necr(o)-
|
death
|
Greek
|
Necrotizing fasciitis
|
|
neo-
|
new
|
Greek
|
Neoplasm
|
|
nephr(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the kidney
|
Ancient Greek νεφρ?ς (nephrós), kidney
|
Nephrology
|
|
nerv-
|
Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system [Uncommon as a root: neuro- mostly always used]
|
Latin (nervus), tendon; nerve; Cognate with the Greek νευρον (neuron) (see below)
|
Nerve
|
|
neur(i)-, neur(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system
|
Ancient Greek νευρον (neuron), tendon, sinew; nerve
|
Neurofibromatosis
|
|
normo-
|
normal
|
|
Normocapnia
|
O
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
ocul(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the eye
|
Latin (oculus), the eye
|
Oculist
|
|
odont(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to teeth
|
Ancient Greek οδο?ς, οδοντ- (odoús, odont-), tooth
|
orthodontist
|
|
odyn(o)-
|
pain
|
|
stomatodynia
|
|
-oesophageal, oesophago- (BrE)
|
gullet
|
|
|
|
-oid
|
resemblance to
|
|
Sarcoidosis
|
|
ole
|
small or little
|
|
|
|
olig(o)-
|
Denoting something as 'having little, having few'
|
Ancient Greek ολιγος (oligos), few
|
Oligotrophy
|
|
om(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the shoulder
|
Ancient Greek ωμος (?mos), shoulder
|
Omoplate
|
|
-oma (singular), -omata (plural)
|
tumor
|
|
Sarcoma, Teratoma
|
|
omphal(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus
|
Ancient Greek ομφαλ?ς (omphalós), navel, belly-button
|
Omphalotomy
|
|
onco-
|
tumor, bulk, volume
|
|
Oncology
|
|
onych(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the nail (of a finger or toe)
|
Ancient Greek < ?νυξ, ?νυχο- (ónyx, ónycho-), nail; claw; talon
|
Onychophagy
|
|
oo-
|
Of or pertaining to the an egg, a woman's egg, the ovum
|
Ancient Greek ω?ν, ωο- (?ón, ?o-), egg, ovum
|
Oogenesis
|
|
oophor(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the woman's ovary
|
Ancient Greek ωφ?ρον (?phóron), ovary, egg-bearing
|
Oophorectomy
|
|
ophthalm(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the eye
|
Ancient Greek οφθαλμ?ς (ophthalmós), the eye
|
Ophthalmology
|
|
optic(o)-
|
Of or relating to chemical properties of the eye
|
Middle French (optique) < Greek οπτικ?ς (optikós); Cognate with Latin oculus, relating to the eye
|
Opticochemical
|
|
or(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the mouth
|
Latin (?s, or-), mouth
|
Oral
|
|
orchi(o)-, orchido-
|
testis
|
Greek (orkhis, orkhi-)
|
Orchiectomy, Orchidectomy
|
|
orth(o)-
|
Denoting something as straight or correct
|
Ancient Greek ορθος (orthos), straight, correct, normal
|
Orthodontist
|
|
-osis
|
a condition, disease or increase
|
|
Harlequin type ichthyosis
|
|
osseo-
|
bony
|
|
|
|
ossi-
|
bone
|
|
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
|
|
ost(e)-, oste(o)-
|
bone
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
|
ot(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the ear
|
Ancient Greek ους, ωτ- (ous, ?t-), the ear
|
Otopathy
|
|
-ous
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
ovari(o)-
|
Of or pertaining to the ovaries
|
Latin (?varium), ovary
|
Ovariectomy
|
|
ovo-, ovi-, ov-
|
Of or pertaining to the eggs, the ovum
|
Latin (?vum), egg, ovum
|
Ovogenesis
|
|
oxo-
|
addition of oxygen
|
|
|
|
oxy-
|
sharp, acid, acute, oxygen
|
|
|
P
|
Prefix/suffix
|
Meaning
|
Origin language and etymology
|
Example(s)
|
|
pachy-
|
thick
|
|
pachyderma
|
|
palpebr-
|
Of or pertaining to the eyelid [uncommon as a root]
|
Latin (palpebra), eyelid
|
|